In [1]:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cv2
import sys
import numpy as np
import os
import datetime
from keras import backend as K
from keras.layers.convolutional import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
from keras.layers import Input, Dense, Activation, BatchNormalization, Dropout
from keras.layers import Reshape, Lambda
from keras.layers.merge import add, concatenate
from keras.models import Model
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.layers.recurrent import GRU
from keras.preprocessing import image
import keras.callbacks
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.utils import shuffle
%matplotlib inline
查看数据集的情况，包含图片路径和内容标签¶
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csv_path = 'train.csv'
df = pd.read_csv(csv_path)
df.head(5)
Out[2]:
显示图片和旋转图片的效果¶
In [3]:
def show_imgs(imgs, labels):
for i in range(len(imgs)):
plt.title(labels[i])
img = imgs[i].transpose(1, 0, 2)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.show()
h, w, _ = img.shape
img = image.random_rotation(img,
3 * (w - h//5) / w + 1,
row_axis=0,
col_axis=1,
channel_axis=2,)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.show()
def load_imgs(series):
total = len(series)
imgs = np.empty((len(series), width, height, depth),dtype=np.uint8)
for i,img_path in enumerate(series):
if ((i+1) % 100) == 0:
print("\rImg Processing: {:,}/{:,}".format(i+1, total), end="")
sys.stdout.flush()
bgr_img = cv2.imread(img_path)
rgb_img = cv2.cvtColor(bgr_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
imgs[i] = rgb_img.transpose(1, 0, 2)
return imgs
nums = 5
img = cv2.imread(df['filename'][0])
height, width, depth = img.shape
imgs = load_imgs(df['filename'][:nums])
labels = df['label'][:nums]
print(imgs.shape)
show_imgs(imgs[:nums],labels)
del df
定义SaveCallback类，训练完成后的回调函数，方便保留weight和loss记录¶
In [4]:
class SaveCallback(keras.callbacks.Callback):
def __init__(self, train_time):
self.output_dir = train_time
if os.path.exists(self.output_dir) == False:
os.makedirs(self.output_dir)
def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs=None):
self.model.save_weights(os.path.join(self.output_dir, "weights_{:03d}.h5".format(epoch + 1)))
log_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, 'log.csv')
logs['epoch'] = epoch
if epoch == 0:
df = pd.DataFrame(logs, index=[0])
else:
df = pd.read_csv(log_path)
df = pd.concat([df,pd.DataFrame(logs, index=[0])])
if df.iloc[-1]['loss'] <= df['loss'].min():
self.model.save_weights(os.path.join(self.output_dir, "model_best_weights.h5"))
df.to_csv(log_path, index=False)
定义ImageSet类，划分训练，验证，测试集，以及处理产生对应的数据¶
In [5]:
def get_ImgData(img_path, rotate=False):
img = cv2.imread(img_path).transpose(1, 0, 2)
w, h, _ = img.shape
if rotate:
img = image.random_rotation(img,
3 * (w - h // 5) / w + 1,
row_axis=0,
col_axis=1,
channel_axis=2,)
img = img.astype(np.float32) / 255
return img
def sample_label_split(df):
return df['filename'], df['label']
class ImageSet(keras.callbacks.Callback):
def __init__(self, minibatch_size, start_epoch):
self.minibatch_size = minibatch_size
DATASET_PATH = 'data_set'
train_path = os.path.join(DATASET_PATH, 'train_set.csv')
valid_path = os.path.join(DATASET_PATH, 'valid_set.csv')
test_path = os.path.join(DATASET_PATH, 'test_set.csv')
self.random_seed = 50
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
df = pd.read_csv(csv_path)
if os.path.exists(DATASET_PATH) == False:
shuffle(df, replace=True, random_state=self.random_seed)
df_train, df_test = train_test_split(df, test_size=0.2, random_state=self.random_seed)
df_train, df_valid = train_test_split(df_train, test_size=0.25, random_state=self.random_seed)
os.makedirs(DATASET_PATH)
df_train.to_csv(train_path, index=False)
df_valid.to_csv(valid_path, index=False)
df_test.to_csv(test_path, index=False)
print("Split data set done!")
characters = set()
y = sample_label_split(df)[1]
for label in y:
characters.update(label)
self.characters = ''.join(sorted(characters))
self.n_class = len(self.characters) + 1
self.max_string_len = max(map(len, y))
self.df_train = pd.read_csv(train_path)
self.df_valid = pd.read_csv(valid_path)
self.df_test = pd.read_csv(test_path)
self.X_train, self.y_train = sample_label_split(self.df_train)
self.X_valid, self.y_valid = sample_label_split(self.df_valid)
self.X_test, self.y_test = sample_label_split(self.df_test)
self.image_shape = cv2.imread(self.X_train[0]).transpose(1, 0, 2).shape
self.cur_train_index = 0
self.cur_valid_index = 0
self.cur_test_index = 0
self.max_train_index = self.df_train.shape[0]
self.max_valid_index = self.df_valid.shape[0]
self.max_test_index = self.df_test.shape[0]
self.getImgData = lambda img_path: get_ImgData(img_path,rotate=False)
def plot_char_freq(serise, title):
char_dict = {}
const_freq = 1
for label in serise:
for ch in label:
char_dict[ch] = char_dict.get(ch, 0) + const_freq
for k in char_dict.keys():
char_dict[k] /= float(serise.shape[0])
k_list, v_list = [], []
for k,v in sorted(char_dict.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True):
k_list.append(k)
v_list.append(v)
plt.bar(k_list, v_list)
plt.title(title)
plt.show()
if start_epoch == 0:
print('train nums:', self.df_train.shape[0])
print('valid nums:', self.df_valid.shape[0])
print('test nums:', self.df_test.shape[0])
plot_char_freq(self.y_train, 'train_set')
plot_char_freq(self.y_valid, 'valid_set')
plot_char_freq(self.y_test, 'test_set')
def set_input_length(self, length):
self.input_length = length
def get_minibatch(self, index, size, X, y):
X_data = np.ones([size, *self.image_shape])
labels = np.ones([size, self.max_string_len]) * -1
input_length = np.zeros([size, 1])
label_length = np.zeros([size, 1])
text_label = np.zeros([size], dtype=np.str_)
for i in range(size):
X_data[i] = self.getImgData(X[i + index])
labels[i, :len(y[i + index])] = [self.characters.find(c) for c in y[i + index]]
input_length[i] = self.input_length - 2
label_length[i] = len(y[i + index])
text_label[i] = y[i + index]
# respond to Input name
inputs = { 'the_input': X_data,
'the_labels': labels,
'input_length': input_length,
'label_length': label_length,
'text_label': text_label
}
outputs = {'ctc': np.zeros(size)}
return inputs, outputs
def next_train(self):
while True:
ret = self.get_minibatch(self.cur_train_index,
self.minibatch_size, self.X_train, self.y_train )
self.cur_train_index += self.minibatch_size
if (self.cur_train_index + self.minibatch_size) > self.max_train_index:
shuffle(self.df_train, replace=True, random_state=self.random_seed)
self.X_train, self.y_train = sample_label_split(self.df_train)
self.cur_train_index = 0
yield ret
def next_valid(self):
while True:
ret = self.get_minibatch(self.cur_valid_index,
self.minibatch_size, self.X_valid, self.y_valid )
self.cur_valid_index += self.minibatch_size
if (self.cur_valid_index + self.minibatch_size) > self.max_valid_index:
shuffle(self.df_valid, replace=True, random_state=self.random_seed)
self.X_valid, self.y_valid = sample_label_split(self.df_valid)
self.cur_valid_index = 0
yield ret
def next_test(self, size):
while True:
ret = self.get_minibatch(self.cur_test_index,
size, self.X_test, self.y_test)
self.cur_test_index += size
if (self.cur_test_index + size) > self.max_test_index:
self.cur_test_index = 0
break
yield ret
def on_train_begin(self, logs=None):
self.getImgData = lambda img_path: get_ImgData(img_path,rotate=False)
def on_epoch_begin(self, epoch, logs=None):
if epoch >= 20:
self.getImgData = lambda img_path: get_ImgData(img_path,rotate=True)
In [6]:
def ctc_lambda_func(args):
y_pred, labels, input_length, label_length = args
# the 2 is critical here since the first couple outputs of the RNN
# tend to be garbage:
y_pred = y_pred[:, 2:, :]
return K.ctc_batch_cost(labels, y_pred, input_length, label_length)
def ctc_loss(y_true, y_pred):
return y_pred
In [7]:
def draw_model_detail(model):
from keras.utils import plot_model
plot_model(model, to_file='model.png')
from IPython.display import SVG
from keras.utils.vis_utils import model_to_dot
SVG(model_to_dot(model).create(prog='dot', format='svg'))
model.summary()
定义训练模型的函数，包含模型，模型训练，训练历史数据展示和正确率验证¶
In [21]:
def train(train_time, start_epoch, stop_epoch, lr, test_proc=False, use_epoch=0, simple_mode=False, drop_out=0.4, test_show=False):
imgs_per_epoch = 80000
valid_split = 0.25
valid_images = int(imgs_per_epoch * valid_split)
train_images = imgs_per_epoch - valid_images
pool_size = (2, 2)
rnn_size = 256
act = 'relu'
k_init = 'he_normal'
time_dense_size = 128
minibatch_size = 32
padding = 'same'
img_set = ImageSet(minibatch_size, start_epoch)
input_data = Input(name='the_input', shape=img_set.image_shape, dtype='float32')
if simple_mode:
inner = Conv2D(16, (2, 2), padding=padding)(input_data)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(32, (2, 2), padding=padding)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(64, (2, 2), padding=padding)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size)(inner)
else:
inner = Conv2D(32, (5, 5), padding=padding, kernel_initializer=k_init)(input_data)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(32, (5, 5), padding=padding, kernel_initializer=k_init)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(64, (4, 4), padding=padding, kernel_initializer=k_init)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(64, (4, 4), padding=padding, kernel_initializer=k_init)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(128, (3, 3), padding=padding, kernel_initializer=k_init)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = Conv2D(128, (3, 3), padding=padding, kernel_initializer=k_init)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
inner = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size)(inner)
inner_shape = inner.get_shape().as_list()
inner = Reshape(target_shape=(inner_shape[1], inner_shape[2] * inner_shape[3]))(inner)
img_set.set_input_length(inner_shape[1])
inner = Dense(time_dense_size, kernel_initializer=k_init)(inner)
inner = BatchNormalization()(inner)
inner = Activation(act)(inner)
gru_1 = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, kernel_initializer=k_init, name='gru1')(inner)
gru_1b = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, go_backwards=True, kernel_initializer=k_init, name='gru1_b')(
inner)
gru1_merged = add([gru_1, gru_1b])
gru_2 = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, kernel_initializer=k_init, name='gru2')(gru1_merged)
gru_2b = GRU(rnn_size, return_sequences=True, go_backwards=True, kernel_initializer=k_init, name='gru2_b')(
gru1_merged)
inner = Dropout(drop_out)(concatenate([gru_2, gru_2b]))
y_pred = Dense(img_set.n_class, kernel_initializer=k_init, activation='softmax')(inner)
pred_model = Model(input=input_data, output=y_pred)
labels = Input(name='the_labels', shape=[img_set.max_string_len], dtype='float32')
input_length = Input(name='input_length', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
label_length = Input(name='label_length', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
loss_out = Lambda(ctc_lambda_func, name='ctc', output_shape=[1])([y_pred, labels, input_length, label_length])
model = Model(inputs=(input_data, labels, input_length, label_length), outputs=loss_out)
model.compile(loss={'ctc': ctc_loss}, optimizer=Adam(lr))
if start_epoch < stop_epoch:
save_cb = SaveCallback(train_time)
if start_epoch > 0:
model.load_weights(os.path.join(train_time, "weights_{:03d}.h5".format(start_epoch - 1)))
else:
draw_model_detail(model)
model.fit_generator(generator=img_set.next_train(),
steps_per_epoch=train_images // img_set.minibatch_size,
epochs=stop_epoch,
validation_data=img_set.next_valid(),
validation_steps=valid_images // img_set.minibatch_size,
callbacks=[
keras.callbacks.ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='loss', factor=0.1, patience=5, verbose=2, mode='min'),
img_set,
save_cb,
],
initial_epoch=start_epoch,
verbose=2)
log_path = os.path.join(train_time, 'log.csv')
history = pd.read_csv(log_path)
# 绘制训练 & 验证的损失值
plt.plot(history['loss'])
plt.plot(history['val_loss'])
plt.title('Model loss')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.legend(['Train', 'valid'], loc='upper right')
plt.show()
plt.plot(history['lr'])
plt.title('Model lr')
plt.ylabel('learning rate')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.legend(['lr'], loc='upper right')
plt.show()
if test_proc == False:
return
if use_epoch :
model.load_weights(os.path.join(train_time, "weights_{:03d}.h5".format(use_epoch)))
else:
model.load_weights(os.path.join(train_time, 'model_best_weights.h5'))
def label_to_text(labels):
return ''.join([img_set.characters[int(x)] for x in labels if x > -1])
acc = []
cnt = 0
batch_size = 100
for inputs, _ in img_set.next_test(batch_size):
X_test, y_test = inputs['the_input'], inputs['the_labels']
y_pred = pred_model.predict(X_test)
shape = y_pred[:,2:,:].shape
out = K.get_value(K.ctc_decode(y_pred[:,2:,:], input_length=np.ones(shape[0])*shape[1])[0][0])[:, :img_set.max_string_len]
cur_sum = 0
for img, y, pre in zip(X_test, y_test, out):
l = len([x for x in pre if x > -1])
if (y[:l] == pre[:l]).all() and test_show==False:
cur_sum += 1
else:
img = (img * 255).astype(np.uint8).transpose(1, 0, 2)
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.title('y_test = {} : y_pred ={}'.format(label_to_text(y),label_to_text(pre)))
plt.show()
if test_show: break
acc.append(cur_sum/(len(X_test)))
cnt += len(X_test)
if test_show == False:
print(acc)
print('test_acc: {:%}'.format(np.mean(acc)))
可以观察训练集、验证集和测试集字符的分布情况。结果是分布基本一致。
"=" 100%
"-" 其次
"+*()" 差不多
"1" 数字里最多
其余依序数字差别不大 (仅验证集的5，6顺序与其他不同，但是本身出现的机率相差并不悬殊）
In [9]:
train_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')
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train(train_time, 0, 10, 1e-04)
继续训练数据¶
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train_time = '20190305-185535'
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train(train_time, 10, 20, 2e-05, test_proc=True)
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train(train_time, 20, 30, 2e-06)
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train(train_time, 30, 40, 2e-05)
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train(train_time, 40, 50, 2e-05)
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train(train_time, 50, 60, 2e-05)
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train(train_time, 60, 70, 2e-06)
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train(train_time, 70, 80, 2e-07)
对测试集测试正确率¶
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train(train_time, 100, 100, 5e-06, test_proc=True, use_epoch=12)
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train(train_time, 100, 100, 5e-06, test_proc=True, use_epoch=20)
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train(train_time, 100, 100, 5e-06, test_proc=True, use_epoch=70)
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train(train_time, 100, 100, 5e-06, test_proc=True, use_epoch=80)
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train(train_time, 100, 100, 5e-06, test_proc=True, use_epoch=70, test_show=True)
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train_time = '20190330-003153'
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train(train_time, 0, 20, 1e-04, simple_mode=True)
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train_time = '20190330-141738'
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train(train_time, 0, 10, 1e-04, drop_out=0.6)
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train(train_time, 10, 20, 1e-04, drop_out=0.6)
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